{"id":787,"date":"2021-04-25T08:20:49","date_gmt":"2021-04-25T06:20:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chateauderixensart.be\/?page_id=787"},"modified":"2022-01-25T08:18:47","modified_gmt":"2022-01-25T07:18:47","slug":"histoire-du-chateau-de-rixensart","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chateauderixensart.be\/nl\/histoire-du-chateau-de-rixensart\/","title":{"rendered":"Histoire du ch\u00e2teau old"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Histoire du Ch\u00e2teau de Rixensart<\/h1>\n

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Une implantation d\u00e8s le XIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Mentionn\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de 1217, la seigneurie de Rixensart appartient tout d\u2019abord \u00e0 la famille de Limal. Comme beaucoup de f\u00e9odaux au Moyen-\u00e2ge, les seigneurs de Limal \u00ab essart\u00e8rent \u00bb, selon l\u2019expression de l\u2019\u00e9poque, une partie de for\u00eat \u00e0 la limite de leur fief pour y construire une tour fortifi\u00e9e qui prit le nom de Rixensart.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00f4les attach\u00e9s \u00e0 la seigneurie de Rixensart sous les Ducs de Brabant sont nombreux: administration de la justice, d\u00e9signation d\u2019un bailli qui est en m\u00eame temps receveur, d\u2019un \u00e9chevin et d\u2019un sergent.<\/p>\n

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Un savant jeu de succession se joue au Ch\u00e2teau de Rixensart<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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La famille de Cro\u00ff ach\u00e8te en 1536 le domaine qui revient en 1586 \u00e0 Jean-Charles de Gavre, comte de Fr\u00e9sin (1564 \u20201629) par mariage. Il agrandit la tour en la prolongeant par un b\u00e2timent, actuellement l\u2019aile nord du quadrilat\u00e8re, achev\u00e9 en 1631 selon la date mentionn\u00e9e sur la dite fa\u00e7ade.<\/p>\n

Sa fille Fran\u00e7oise Conradine \u00e9pouse le 2 avril 1646 Philippe Hippolyte Spinola (\u00b01612 \u20201670), comte de Bruay, g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Arm\u00e9es du Roi d\u2019Espagne, Charles II.<\/p>\n

Gouverneur de Namur il d\u00e9fendit Lille en 1667 pour le compte du roi d\u2019Espagne contre Louis XIV qui le salua apr\u00e8s sa d\u00e9faite par ces mots: \u00ab Monsieur lui dit-il, j\u2019ai du d\u00e9plaisir de votre malheur, parce que vous \u00eates un galant homme, qui avez fait votre devoir pour le service de votre ma\u00eetre, et je vous en estime davantage<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0.<\/p>\n

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Spinola, un amoureux de Rixensart<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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Pour Spinola, c\u2019est un v\u00e9ritable coup de foudre. Pour cet homme de guerre, Rixensart repr\u00e9sente un v\u00e9ritable havre de paix. S\u00e9duit par son environnement calme et luxuriant, il va investir le lieu et le fa\u00e7onner pour atteindre un id\u00e9al.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est donc au m\u00e9nage Spinola que l\u2019on doit cet \u00e9l\u00e9gant ensemble class\u00e9 \u00ab Monument exceptionnel de Wallonie<\/em> \u00bb et dont la silhouette, camp\u00e9e sur une butte, s\u2019impr\u00e8gne si harmonieusement dans son paysage, d\u00e9crit souvent comme les Ardennes braban\u00e7onnes en raison du relief et de son abondante nature.<\/p>\n

Il fait construire l\u2019aile Ouest en 1648, l\u2019aile Est en 1660 et l\u2019aile Sud en 1662, terminant le quadrilat\u00e8re actuel autour d\u2019une cour int\u00e9rieure qui m\u00eale harmonieusement l\u2019influence de la renaissance espagnole et des \u00e9l\u00e9ments baroques au style classique braban\u00e7on du XVII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n

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L\u2019incendie du donjon primitif<\/h2>\n

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A la fin du XVII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, l\u2019ancienne partie du Ch\u00e2teau de Rixensart dont la tour fortifi\u00e9e du XIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle est en partie incendi\u00e9e par les troupes fran\u00e7aises de Louis XIV. La tour m\u00e9di\u00e9vale ne sera pas restaur\u00e9e. Comme en atteste la gravure de Jacques Harrewyn qui r\u00e9alise une gravure du Ch\u00e2teau de Rixensart o\u00f9 le toit du donjon m\u00e9di\u00e9val, tout comme celui de la tour-porche, apparaissent en ruine, suite aux incendies qui ont ravag\u00e9 le ch\u00e2teau en 1668 et 1678.<\/p>\n

A sa place s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve l\u2019\u00e9glise Ste Croix, dont le chevet repose sur une portion des anciennes fondations. Cette \u00e9glise, jadis chapelle priv\u00e9e, est devenue \u00e9glise paroissiale en 1802. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconstruite en 1937, en style n\u00e9o-traditionnel, suite \u00e0 un incendie. Elle doit son nom, selon la l\u00e9gende, \u00e0 une relique de la Sainte Croix, ramen\u00e9e des croisades par Henri de Limal et incorpor\u00e9e dans la pierre de l\u2019autel.<\/p>\n

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La demeure des Princes de Merode<\/h2>\n

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En 1712, la belle-fille de Philippe-Hippolyte Spinola, la comtesse Albertine von Salm (\u00b01660 \u20201715) devenue veuve en 1709, perd son fils unique Cosme Hyacinthe, tu\u00e9 durant le si\u00e8ge de Douai de 1712. Elle h\u00e9rite de ce dernier et donne le 11 ao\u00fbt 1714 par testament les anciennes seigneuries de Rixensart, Genval et Bourgeois \u00e0 sa ni\u00e8ce Marie Nicolassine de Merode Montfort (\u00b01698 \u20201787), fille de sa s\u0153ur Claire-El\u00e9onore von Salm et de Maximilien de Merode Montfort.<\/p>\n

Depuis ce jour la famille Merode pr\u00e9side \u00e0 la destin\u00e9e de ce joyau et t\u00e2che de lui faire traverser les si\u00e8cles en r\u00e9pondant le mieux possible aux d\u00e9fis de chaque \u00e9poque, convaincue qu\u2019un tel patrimoine historique et culturel est un \u00ab pr\u00e9sent\u00a0\u00bb du pass\u00e9 dont on assure l\u2019avenir en pr\u00e9servant la richesse de son histoire et de son environnement.<\/p>\n

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Restons en contact<\/h4>\n

Abonnez-vous \u00e0 la Newsletter du Ch\u00e2teau de Rixensart pour rester inform\u00e9.e !<\/p>\n

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